I would like to thank Mr. Bob Koehler and his students of  Steele Elementary School of Tucson, Arizona, for helping to put this section together and giving me the information so it could be used on this web site.

Qualifications for the Presidency (and Vice Presidency) of the United States
            Constitution:  Article II, Section 1, Paragraph 5
    No person except a natural born citizen (or citizen of the United States, at the time of the adoption of this Constitution) shall be eligible to the office President; neither shall any person be eligible to that office who shall not have attained to the age of thirty-five years, and been fourteen years a resident within the United States.

PRESIDENTIAL OATH OF OFFICE
    "I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the Office of President, and will, to the best of my ability, preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution of the United States"

1752  Lightning Rod invented by Benjamin Franklin

1776  Submarine invented by David Bushnell; called "Turtle"; used on attack on Lord Howe's flagship "Eagle", but the attempts to attach a mine to the hull fail.

1781 John Hanson (1715-1783) 1st "President" of the United States 
http://www.marshallhall.org/hanson.html
http://www.oneandonlypresidentialmuseum.com

1783 Elias Boudinot 2nd "President" of the United States

1784 Thomas Mifflin 3rd  "President" of the United States

1785 John Hancock 4th "President" of the United States

1786 Nathan Gorman 5th "President" of the United States

1787  July 16; Framers of the Constitution created a bicameral legislature in which the Senate represents all states equally, while the House represents states in proportion to the respective populations
      Arthur St. Clair 6th "President" of the United States
      Dec. 7 - 1st State of United States  Delaware
      Dec. 12 - 2nd State of United States  Pennsylvania
      Dec. 18 - 3rd State of United States New Jersey

1788 Cyrus Griffin 7th "President" of the United States
     Jan. 2 - 4th State of United States   Georgia
     Jan. 9 - 5th State of United States  Connecticut
     Feb. 6 - 6th State of United States   Massachusetts
     April 28 - 7th State of United States  Maryland
     May 23 - 8th State of United States  South Carolina
     June 21 - 9th State of United States  New Hampshire
     June 25 - 10th State of United States   Virginia
     July 26 - 11th State of United States  New York

1789 -1797
1st President George Washington (b. 1732-d. 1799)  Federalist Party,  is the 1st President under the Constitution that is followed today
 Vice-President John Adams (b. 1735 -d.  1826) Federalist Party

1789  March 4; the Senate convened for the first time at New York City's Federal Hall. On April 6th, it achieved its first quorum and proceeded to elect a doorkeeper, secretary, and chaplain.
 Nov. 21 - 12th State of United States  North Carolina
Nov. 26 -This day of Thanksgiving was set aside to observe the adoption of the Constitution of the United States.
Sept 22 Congress authorized the office of Postmaster General
Sept 25 The first (second) Congress adopted 12 Amendments to the Constitution and sent them to the states for ratification, 10 of them became the Bill of Rights.

1790  May 29 - 13th State of United States  Rhode Island
        1st US Patent issued to William Pollard of Philadelphia, his machine roves and spins cotton.
        Dec. 6, Congress began a ten-year residence in Philadelphia, pending construction of a national capital in Washington D.C.

1797-1801
2nd President John Adams (b. 1735-d. 1826) Federalist Party
Vice-President Thomas Jefferson (b. 1743-d. 1826) Democrat (now known as Republican) Party

1791  March 4 - 14th State of United States  Vermont

1792  June 1 - 15th State of United States  Kentucky

1794  Feb. 28; the Senate refused to seat a duly elected member, Albert Gallatin of Penn. -- the first contested election in Senate history.
Cotton Gin invented by Eli Whitney, combs and deseeds cotton bolls.

1795   The Senate approved Jay's Treaty on June 24.
        Dec. The Senate opened its legislative sessions to the public. The previous year, the Senate held its first public session to determine whether to seat Albert Gallatin, senator-elect from Penn. and voted to end the practice of holding legislative sessions behind closed doors.
        Dec. 15; John Rutledge became the first Supreme Court nominee to be rejected by the Senate.

1796  June 1 - 16th State of United States  Tennessee

1797  Interchangeable Parts standardized on muskets by Eli Whitney
        March 25; President John Adams exercised his right, for the first time; to call an "extraordinary session" of Congress.
        William Blount of Tenn. became the first senator to be expelled on July 8th.

1798  Dec. 17 - Senate convened its first impeachment trial -- of Senator William Blount.

1800  Nov. 17 - Senate took up residence in the north wing of the unfinished Capitol in Washington D.C. and achieved its first quorum in the new capital on Nov. 21.

1801-1809
3rd President Thomas Jefferson (b. 1743-d. 1826)  Democrat (now known as Republican) Party
Vice-President Aaron Burr (b. 1756-d. 1836) Democrat (now known as Republican) Party
Vice-President George Clinton (b. 1739-d. 1812) Democrat (now known as Republican) Party

1801  Steam-Powered Pumping Station invented by Fairmount Water Works; harnesses power to provide water for city of Philadelphia

1802  Jan. 5th; Senate permitted admission of stenographers and note takers to the Chamber floor.

1803  March 1 - 17th State of United States  Ohio
        Spray Gun invented by Dr. Alan de Vilbiss of Toledo, Ohio; to replace swabs as the method of applying medication to oral and nasal passages.

1804  March 12th; Senate convicted Federal Judge John Pickering and removed him from office, the first conviction following an impeachment trial.

1805    Amphibious Vehichle invented by Oliver Evans; called "Orukter Amphilbolos"
        March 2nd; Vice-President Aaron Burr delivered his farewell address to the Senate; while under indictment for the murder of Alexander Hamilton in a duel.

1806  Coffee Pot with metal sieve, invented by Benjamin Thompson, Count Rumford

1807  Steamboat invented by Robert Fulton (b. 1765-d. 1815)
        Nov. 4th; Senate created a 3-member committee to audit and control the contingent expenses of the Senate, as proposed by Senator John Quincy Adams.

1809-1817
4th President James Madison (b. 1751-d. 1836) Democratic (now known as Republican) Party
Vice-President George Clinton (b. 1739-d. 1812 died in office) Democratic (now known as Republican) Party
Vice-President Elbridge Gerry (b. 1774-d. 1814 died in office) Democratic (now known as Republican) Party

1812  April 30 - 18th State of United States  Louisiana

1813   Armored Warship "Demolos" by Robert Fulton, sails

1814  Plough created by John Jethro Woods of Poplar Ridge, New York
        April 22th; Secretary of the Senate Samuel A. Otis died; having served as secretary for 25 years without missing a day on the job.
        Aug. 24th;  British troops set fire to the Capitol building (War of 1812)

1816   Dec. 11 - 19th State of United States  Indiana
        Senate established its system of permanent (standing) members

1817-1825
5th President James Monroe (b. 1758-d. 1831) Democratic (now known as Republican) Party
Vice-President Daniel D. Tompkins (b. 1774-d. 1825) Democratic (now known as Republican) Party

1817  Dec. 11 - 20th State of United States  Mississippi
        Erie Canal plan proposed, 363 miles long, digging began.

1818  Nov. 16; Senate swore in a 28 year old person, violating the Constitution's requirements that senators be at least 30 years old.  John H. Eaton (R-TN) still holds the record for the youngest senator.
        Dec. 3 - 21st State of United States   Illinois
        Profile Lathe invented by Thomas Blanchard of Middlebury, Connecticut; does the work of 13 men, helps to lower wood prices.

1819  Dec. 6th; Senate occupied its newly constructed chamber that will serve as its home until 1859.
        Dec. 14 - 22nd State of United States  Alabama

1820  March 5th:  Senate agreed to the "Missouri Compromise"
        March 15 - 23rd State of United States   Maine

1821  Aug. 11 - 24th State of United States  Missouri

1824  Dec. 6th; First issue of Register of Debates in Congress appeared, providing the first consistent coverage of Senate debates.
        Dec. 9th; Senate received the Marquis de Lafayette, who was given a seat of honor to the right of the presiding officer.

1825-1829
6th President John Quincy Adams (b. 1767-d. 1848) (son of President John Adams)  Democratic (now known as Republican) Party
Vice-President John Caldwell Calhoun
        Erie Canal completed, "Senaca Chief" makes inaugural run.

1825  March 9th; Senate defeated a treaty with Colombia on suppression of the African slave trade.

1826  Funeral services for Senator John Gaillard of South Carolina were held at Congressional Cemetery in Washington D.C.; the first public payment of funeral expenses. (Is this still effect today???)

1827  Dec. 17th; Senate directed its secretary to "cause seats to be prepared for the accommodation of the Reporters of the proceedings of the Senate". Reports recording the proceedings for the Register of Debates in Congress had complained that their inability to hear distinctly resulted in numerous errors producing "great anxiety among those whose interests seemed likely to be affected".

1829  Dec. 7th; Senate appointed its first page-- nine year old Grafton Hanson, the grandson of Senate Sargeant-at-Arms Mountjoy Bayly.

1829-1837
7th President Andrew Jackson (b. 1767-d. 1845)  Democratic Party Vice-President John Caldwell Calhoun (b. 1782-d. 1850) (resigned)   Democratic Party
Vice-President Martin Van Buren (b. 1782-d. 1862)

1831  McCormick Reaper fails to catch on, McCormick sold the 1st unit about 1840; by 1844, only 50 had sold; McCormick moves to Chicago, by 1871 his company was selling 10,000 reapers per year.

1833  March 19th; Senate returned to an earlier practice of electing committees by ballot of all members.

1834  Walter Hunt invents the first lock-stitch sewing machine, but loses interest and does not patent his invention. Later, Elias Howe secures patent on an original lock-stitch machine; but fails to manufacture and sell it. Still later, Isaac Singer infringes on Howe's patent to make his own machine, which makes Singer rich.
        Walter Hunt also invents the safety pin, which he sells the patent outright for $400.
        March 28;  Senate "censured" President Andrew Jackson for unsurping congressional power. When Jackson's allies regained control of the Senate in 1837, they "expurged" the censure resolution.
        June 24th; For the first time, the Senate rejected a cabinet nomination -- that of Roger Taney to be treasury secretary.

1835  Dec. 7th; Senate for the first time organized its committee system on the principle that the majority party should chair the committees and control a majority of the seats on most panels.

1836   Feb. 17th; Senate reserved 1/3rd of its chamber's circular gallery for the exclusive use of women.
        March 15th; Senate confirmed Roger B. Taney as Chief Justice of the United States. (?same Roger Taney that was rejected by Senate for cabinet nomination to be treasury secretary?)
        June 15 - 25th State of United States  Arkansas
        "Six-Shooter" revolver invented by Samuel Colt.

1837 Jan. 26 - 26th State of United States  Michigan
        Electrical Power Tools invented by Thomas Davenport of Brandon., Vermont.

1837-1841
8th President Martin Van Buren (b. 1782 -d. 1862) Democratic Party
Vice-President Richard Mentor Johnson (b. 1780-d. 1850) Democratic Party

1840 Collapsible metal squeeze tube invented by John Rand, first used for artist pigments.

Mar. 3, 1841 - April 4, 1841
9th President  William Henry Harrison (died in office - illness) (b. 1773-d. 1841) Whig Party
Vice-President John Tyler (b. 1790-d. 1862) Whig Party

1841 Feb. 18th;  Senate conducted it first continuos filibuster over the issue of dismissal of the printers of the Senate. The filibuster continued until March 11.  The first extended filibuster, debating the establishment of a national bank, began on June 21 and lasted 14 days.
        July 8th;  Senate amended Rule 47, removing reporters from the floor of the Senate chamber and placing them in the eastern gallery, then known after as the "press gallery".

1841-1845
10th President John Tyler (b. 1790-d. 1862) Whig Party
Vice-President none

1842  Ether Anesthesia is 1st used in operation by Crawford Williamson Long on James Venable, to remove a tumor from his neck.

1843  Vulcanized Rubber, originally used as erasers, Charles Goodyear perfects the process for "vulcaning" rubber for tires.

1844  Telegraph invented by Samuel Finley Breese Morse, 1st message, Supreme Court chambers to Baltimore is  "What hath God wrought?"

1845-1849
11th President James Knox Polk (b. 1795 -d. 1849) Democratic Party
Vice-President George Mifflin Dallas

1845  March 3 - 27th State of United States  Florida
        July 1st; David Levy Yulee (D.- FL) became the first Jewish senator to serve in the U.S. Senate .

1845  Dec. 29 - 28th State of United States  Texas

1846  Dec. 28 - 29th State of United States  Iowa
        In the Senate, members began to sit together in the Senate chamber according to party affiliation.
        The Senate began to make committee assignments based on recommendations of its political party caucuses rather than separate balloting of the full Senate.

1847  Dec. 3rd; Senate chamber was lit with gas for the first time, providing "light enough to write by and read the finest print in any part of the chamber".

1848  March 26th; Senate arrested New York Herald correspondent John Nugent, in a futile effort to get him to reveal who leaked the still-secret treaty ending the war with Mexico. After sleeping several weeks of confinement in the Committee on Territories room, with evening trips to the Sargeant-at-Arm's home for dinner and a night's sleep, Nugent was set free on April 28th.
        May 29 - 30th State of United States  Wisconsin

1849-1850
12th President Zachary Taylor (died in office - illness) (b. 1785 -d. 1850)  Whig Party
Vice-President Millard Fillmore (b. 1800-d. 1874)

1850  March 7th; Senator Daniel Webster delivered one of the most notable speeches in Senate history, his classic three-hour oration set forth a defense of the Union and called on Northerners to respect slavery in the South. Moderates in all sections praised his remarks, while northern abolitionists charged he had sold his soul to the devil.
        Sept. 9 - 31th State of United States  California

1850-1853
13th President Millard Fillmore (b. 1800-d. 1874) Whig Party
Vice-President none

1853  Dec. 12th;  Senate readopted Rule 34, specifying for the first time the number of members assigned to each committee.

1853-1857
14th President Franklin Pierce (b. 1804-d. 1869) Democratic Party
Vice-President William Rufus de Vane King (b. 1786-d. 1853 died in office) Democratic Party

1855  Senate allowed its major committees to hire clerical staff.

1856  May 19th;  Senator Charles Sumner delivered his "Crimes Against Kansas" speech, prompting the violent attack on his person by Representative Preston Brooks on May 22.

1857-1861
15th President James Buchanan (b. 1791 -d. 1868) Democratic Party
Vice-President John Cabell Breckenridge (b. 1821-d. 1875) Democratic Party

1858  May 11 - 32nd State of United States   Minnesota

1859  Jan. 4th;  Senate occupied its current chamber for the first time.
        Feb. 14 - 33rd State of United States  Oregon
        Sept. 16th;  Senator David Broderick became the first and only sitting senator to die in a duel.

1860 - Pony Express service began between Missouri and California
December 20
        South Carolina, first state to secede from the Union
        Charles Curtis born in U.S. Kansas Territory, January 25.  (1st Vice-President born West of Mississippi River)

1861-1865
16th President Abraham Lincoln (died in office - assassinated) (b. 1809 -d. 1865) Republican Party
Vice-President Hannibal Hamlin (b. 1809-d. 1891) Republican Party
Vice-President Andrew Johnson (b. 1808-d. 1875) National Union (Republican Party)

1861-1865  Civil War between the North and the South

1861  Jan. 21st;  Senator Jefferson Davis delivered his farewell address to the Senate before leaving the chamber to become President of the Confederacy
        Jan. 29 - 34th State of United States   Kansas
        Transatlantic Cable completed

1862-1877 - Disease, (germ theory) by Louis Pasteur, France

1863  June 20 - 35th State of United States   W. Virginia
        President Lincoln proclaimed the first National Thanksgiving Day

1864  Jan. 25th;  Senate adopted a rule requiring senators and the Secretary of the Senate to take a loyalty oath.
        Oct. 31 - 36th State of United States   Nevada

1865 -  Transatlantic Cable completed
            13th Amendment, abolishing slavery
            Antiseptic Surgery invented by Joseph Lister

1865-1869
17th President Andrew Johnson (b. 1808 -d. 1875) Democratic Party
Vice-President none

1866 - Mary Walker, First woman to receive the Medal of Honor. She was a Civil War surgeon.
            Aluminum manufacture (by electrolytic action) Charles M. Hall, USA
           July 25;  Senate passed legislation, regulating election of senators by state legislatures.

1867  March 1 - 37th State of United States  Nebraska
        March 6th; Senate created a Committee of Appropriations (in a move toward greater institutional efficiency) so that legislative committees would be no longer be responsible for appropriating as well as authorizing funds.
        April 9th;  Senate approved the Alaska purchase treaty.
        Lucy Hobbs Taylor, first woman in the USA to become a certified dentist.
            Dynamite discovered by Alfred Noble, Sweden
            Electric Lamp; (fluorescent lamp) A E Becquerel, France

1868 - Dry Cell Battery invented by George LeClande
            Air Brake invented by George Westinghouse, USA
            Antiseptic used in surgery by Joseph Lister, England
           March 30th; Andrew Johnson impeachment trial began, and ended on May 16th when the Senate acquitted President Johnson by a one-vote margin.
 

1869-1877
18th President Hiriam Ulysses Simpson Grant (b. 1822-d. 1885) Republican Party
Vice-President Schuyler Colfax (b. 1823-d. 1885) Republican Party
Vice-President Henry Wilson (original name- Jeremiah Jones Colbath) (b. 1812-d. 1875 died in office) Republican Party

1869 -  Transcontinental Railroad completed
            Chewing Gum was patented by William Semple
            DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) discovered by Friedrich Meischer, Germany

1870 - Feb. 23th; Hiram Revels of Mississippi presented his credentials, he was sworn into office, first African-American senator.
           Chewing gum (chicle-based) Thomas Adams, USA

1871  March 10th; In response to a growing number of contested elections, the Senate created a Committee on Privileges and Elections to handle these contentions and often complex disputes.  Four days later, the Senate sent to the committee pending cases from Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina and Texas.
        Aug. 1st;  Senate established its own library, independent of the Library of Congress, appointed its first librarian George S. Wagner.

1872 - Victoria Woodhall, first woman to run for President of USA
            World's first National Park dedicated in Yellowstone

1873 - Jesse James committed the world's first train robbery in Adair, Iowa
           Barb wire (most popular) invented by Joseph E. Glidden, USA
           From the Senate, the first Congressional Record was published March 4th.

1874 -  Levi Strauss blue jeans with copper rivets were priced at $13.50 for a dozen
            Electric cooking utensil (first) patented by St. George Lane-Fox,
            England
Nov  7 - The Republican Party was 1st symbolized as an elephant in a cartoon, drawn by Conde Nast in Harper's Weekly

1875 - Internal Combustion Engine invented by Siegfried Marcus
        March 7th; seven years after the Senate acquitted him in an impeachment trial, Andrew Johnson became the first former president to serve as a senator.

1876  Aug. 1 - 38th State of United States  Colorado
        Aug. 1st;  Senate acquitted Secretary Of War, William Belknap. Belknap is the only Cabinet officer ever impeached.
        Alexander Graham Bell, first human voice transmitted on the telephone
        Carpet sweeper invented by Melville R. Bissell, USA

1877-1881
19th President Rutherford Birchard Hayes (b. 1822-d. 1893) Republican Party
Vice-President William Almon Wheeler (b. 1819-d. 1887) Republican Party

1877 -  Refrigerator (railroad) car invented by G. F. Swift
        Glider invented by Otto Lilienthal
        "Canals" on Mars, discovered by Giovanni Schiaparelli, Italy
        Concrete (reinforced) by Joseph Monier, France
        March 5th; Senate began the practice of moving desks according to party division rather than keeping an equal number of desks on each side of the center aisle, to allow all members of each party to sit together.

1878 - Phonograph is patented
Telephone is patented
Emma M. Nutt became the first female telephone operator in the USA for the Telephone Dispatch Co. of Boston

1879 - Electric light bulb invented
        Mary Baker Eddy First American woman to found a lasting American-based religion : The Church of Christ
        Belva Ann Bennett first female lawyer to plead a case before the Supreme Court
        Feb. 14th; Blanche K. Bruce became the first African-American to preside over the Senate.

1880 - Jergens Lotion was created by Andrew Jergens, a former lumberjack
        Feb. 5th; Senate adopted the "Anthony Rule" allowing senators to speak no more than five minutes on certain measures before voting. This was the Senate's first effort to add a cloture provision to its rules.

1881 Mar. 4 - 1881 Sept. 20
20th President James Abraham Garfield (died in office - assassinated) (b. 1831-d. 1881) Republican Party
Vice-President Chester Alan Arthur (b. 1829-d. 1886) Republican Party

1881-1885
21st  President Chester Alan Arthur (b. 1829-d. 1886) Republican Party
Vice-President none

1881 -   Charles Curtis passed the bar exam and became a lawyer.
        Jan. 14th;  Senate agreed to "cause a telephone to be placed at some convenient point, for the use of the Senate, in connection with the general telephone system of the city of Washington".

1883 -  Cholera bacterium discovered by Robert Koch, Germany

1882 -  Electric fan, Schuyler Wheeler, USA
            Electric flatiron, Henry W. Seely, USA

1884 - 1st Skyscraper built, (in Chicago)
       Moses Fleetwood Walker, first black baseball player in the major leagues
       Steam Turbine invented C. A. Parsons
       Rayon invented by H. de Chardonnet
       Fountain Pen invented by L. E. Waterman
       Charles Curtis elected to Shawnee county District Attorney, 2 terms, to 1888
        Bicycle (first modern model) James Starley, England
        Senate provided all members with clerical staff for the first time.
        July 5th; Senate directed the Sargeant-at-Arms and the Architect of the Capitol to rent suitable rooms outside the Capitol for committees and subcommittees -- they decided on the Maltby Building.

1884 Sept 20 The Equal Rights Party was formed during a convention of suffragists in San Francisco

1885-1889
22nd President Stephen Grover Cleveland (b. 1837-d. 1908) Democratic Party
Vice-President Thomas Andrews Hendricks (b. 1819-d. 1885 died in office) Democratic Party

1885    Apache uprising by Geronimo
        Dedication of Washington monument in Washington D.C.
        Coca-Cola was named for its two "medicinal" ingredients, coca leaves extract  (cocaine) & kola nuts
        Automobile (first with internal combustion engine 250 rpm) invented by Karl  Benz, Germany
        Automobile (first with practical high-speed internal combustion engine, 900 rpm), Gottlieb Daimler, Germany

1886 - Dedication of Statue of Liberty in New York
        Grover Cleveland, first President married inside the White House
        World's first chess champion
        Senate passed President Succession Act of Jan. 19th removed the President Pro Tempore from the presidential line of succession (until 1947)

1887 - First US woman mayor : Susanna M. Salter, in Argonia, Kansas
        Air-Inflated tires invented by J. B. Dunlop
        Antibiotics (first demonstration of antibiotic effect) Louis Pasteur, Jules-Franois Joubert, France
Feb. 8 -
    The General Allotment Act for Indians (also know as the Dawes Severalty Act, named for its sponsor and author Senator Henry Laurens Dawes) became law, prepared for the Indian citizenship and to end the reservation system, inaccurately called the "Curtis" Act (by authors, usually by Indians, by people who favor Indians or agaisnt Charles Curtis who was not even elected to the Kansas House of Representatives until 1892, Charles Curtis is wrongfully {blamed} acknowledged as the author of this act).
    Congressman

1888 - Revolving door was invented by Theophilus Van Kannell
        Adding Machine invented by W. Burroughs
        Camera (hand held) (Kodak) invented by George Eastman, USA
        Feb. 22; Senate began the tradition of the annual reading of George Washington's farewell address.

1889-1893
23rd President Benjamin Harrison (b. 1833-d. 1901) Republican Party
(grandson of President William Henry Harrison)
Vice-President Levi Parsons Morton (b. 1824-d. 1920)  Republican Party

1889  Nov. 2 - 39th State of United States  N. Dakota
          Nov. 2 - 40th State of United States  S. Dakota
          Nov. 8 - 41st State of United States  Montana
          Nov. 11 - 42nd State of United States  Washington

1890  July 3 - 43rd State of United States   Idaho
          July 10 - 44th State of United States   Wyoming
        August 6th, the first electric chair was used on William Kemmler (invented by Dr. Alphonse Rockwell)
            Antitoxin, diphtheria, Emil Von Behring, Germany
          DAR (Daughters of Americam Revolution) organized

1891 -  Automobile, (first true automobile, not carriage with motor) Ren Panhard,  Emile Lavassor, France

1892    Diesel Engine involved by Rudolph Diesel
            Automobile, (carburetor, spray) Charles E. Duryea, USA
            Electric generator; (alternating current) Nikola Tesla, USA

1893 - 1897
24th President Stephen Grover Cleveland (first President to win non-consecutive terms)  (b. 1837-d. 1908) Democratic Party
Vice-President Adlai Ewing Stevenson (b. 1835-d. 1914) Democratic Party

1893 - First woman on U.S.A. stamp is Queen Isabella of Spain
            Movie projector invented by Thomas Edison
            Zipper invented by W. L. Judson
            Photoelectric Cell invented by Julius Ester
            The first automobile, the Duryea

1895 -  The first Grand Prix of Auto-Racing, held in France
             X-Ray invented by Wilhelm K Rontgen
        Dec. 18; Senate Assistant Doorkeeper Isaac Bassett died; began his Senate service in 1831 as a page, and after 1860 became widely identified as keeper of the Senate's historical lore.

1896  Jan. 4 - 45th State of United States  Utah

1896 - First comic strip was "The Yellow Kid" in New York World, by Richard Felton Outcault
            First modern-day Olympics were held in Athens
            Electric stove, Hadaway, USA

1897-1901
25th President William McKinley (died in office - assassinated by Leon Czolgosz) (b. 1843-d. 1901) Republican Party
Vice-President Garret Augustus Hobart (b. 1844-d. 1899 died in office)  Republican Party
Vice-President Theodore Roosevelt (b. 1858-d. 1919)
Republican Party

1897 - Isolation of Adrenaline by John Jacob Abel, USA

1898 - Bayer was advertising cough medicine containing heroin

1899 -  Aspirin by Dr. Felix Hoffman, Germany

1900 -  Airship (rigid) by Ferdinand Von Zeppelin, Germany
        Kodak Brownie makes photography cheaper and simpler
        Pupin's loading coil reduces telephone voice distortion
        April 6th; Senate revised Rule I to allow for appointment of a presiding officer by the president pro tempore or another senator in the event of the vice president's death.

1901-1909
26th President Theodore Rex Roosevelt (b. 1858-d. 1919) Republican Party
Vice-President Charles Warren Fairbanks (b. 1852-d. 1918) Republican Party

1901 -  First Nobel prizes were awarded,
                     Literature : Rene Sully-Prudhomme
                     Physiology : Emil Von Behring
                     Chemistry : Jacobus Van Hoff
                     Physics : Wilhelm Roetgen
                     Peace : Jean Henri Dunant Frederic Passy
            First sale of phonograph discs made of hard resinous shellac
            First electric typewriter, the Blickensderfer
            Marconi sends a radio signal across the Atlantic
Nov  27 - The Army War College was established in Washington DC

1902 - Germany's Zeiss invents the four-element Tessar camera lens
            Etched zinc engravings start to replace hand cut blocks
            US Navy installs radio telephones aboard ships
            Photoelectric scanning can send and receive a picture
            Trans-Pacific telephone cable connects Canada and Australia

1903 - Flight of the Wright brothers at Kitty Hawk
            First land speed record in car racing by Alexander Winton
            Electrocardiogram invented by Willem Einthoven
            There are technical improvements in radio, telegraph, phonograph, movies, and printing
             The London Daily Mirror illustrates with only photograph
First female Nobel Prize winners:
           1903 - Physics : Marie Sklodowska Curie
           1905 - Peace : Baroness Bertha Sophie Felicita von Suttner
           1909 - Literature : Selma Ottilia Lovisa Lagerlaf
           1911 - Chemistry: Marie Sklodowska Curie
        March 16th;  Senate Democratic Conference began keeping minutes of its closed-door meetings.

1904 - May Sutton Brandy is first American woman to win the ladies singles tennis championship at Wimbledon
           A telephone answering machine is invented
           Fleming invents the diode to improve radio communication
           Offset lithography becomes a commercial reality
           Hine photographs America's underclass
           "The Great Train Robbery" creates a demand for fiction films
           The first comic book is issued
           The double-sided phonograph disc is invented
        April 28th;  Congress authorized construction of a fireproof Senate office building.

1905 - Electric Iron invented
           In Pittsburgh, the first nickelodeon opens
           In France, Pathe colors black and white films by machine
           In New Zealand, the postage meter is developed
           The telephone "Yellow Pages" phone book is introduced
           The  juke box has 24 choices on it

1906 - Major earthquake in San Francisco
            Fred Astaire made his dance debut at age 7
            First USA Federal Penitentiary building was completed at Leavenworth, Kansas
            In Britain, new process colors books cheaply
            A program of voice and music is broadcast in USA
            Lee de Forest invents the three element vacuum tube
            Dunwoody and Pickard build a crystal-and-cat's-whisker radio
            An animated cartoon film is produced
            Fessenden plays violin for startled ship wireless operators
            An experimental sound-on-film motion picture
            Strow invents automatic dial telephone switching
        Feb. 17th; novelist David Graham Phillips' "Treason of the Senate" series began publication in Cosmopolitan magazine. This investigative series detailed the relationship between members and corporate interest, and was one factor leading to the direct election reform of the Progressive era.
        Feb. 26th;  Congress authorized funds for construction of a "subway" connecting the Capitol and the Senate office building.

1907  Nov. 16 - 46th State of United States   Oklahoma
        Electric washing machine invented
        Bell and Howell develop a film projection system
        Lumiere invent still color photography
        Lee de Forest begins regular radio music broad casts
        In Russia, Rosing develops theory of television
        Charles Curtis of Kansas became the first Native American senator.

1908 - The conception of TV invented by A. A. C. Swinton
            Sulfa drugs invented by Paul Gelmo
            Vacuum cleaner invented
             In USA, Smith develops true color motion pictures

1909-1913
27th President William Howard Taft (b. 1857-d. 1930) Republican Party
Vice-President James Schoolcraft Sherman (b. 1855-d. 1912 died in office) Republican Party

1909 -  First Transcontinental Flight made
        Robert Peary is first to reach the North Pole
        First USA Federal Legislation to prohibit narcotics (opium)
        Radio distress signal saves 1,700 lives after ships collide
        The first broadcast talk show, is about woman's suffrage
        Senate opened its first permanent office building, which in 1972 was named in honor of Senator Richard B. Russell (D-GA)

1910 - Alice Wells is first Policewoman in U.S.A.
            Neon Light bulb is invented by George Claude
            Autopilot (for aircraft) Elmer A. Sperry, USA
            Conditioned  reflex; Ivan Pavlov, Russia
            Sweden's Elkstrom invents "flying spot" camera light beam

1911 - Ray Harroun is first winner of the Indianapolis 500 car race.
            Air Conditioning invented by W. H. Carrier
            Hydroplane invented by Glenn Curtis
            Atom (nuclear model of) by Ernest Rutherford, England
            Atomic structure (formulated nuclear model of atom by Ernest Rutherford, England
            Efforts are made to bring sound to motion pictures
            Rotogravure aids magazine production of photos
            "Postal Savings System" began

1912  Jan. 6 - 47th State of United States   New Mexico
        Feb. 14 - 48th State of United States  Arizona
        Arthur R. Eldred is first boy to reach the rank of Eagle Scout : the highest rank in the Boy Scouts.
        Autopilot (first successful test) in a Curtiss flying boat
        USA passes law to control radio stations
        Motorized movie cameras replace hand-cranked cameras
        Feedback and heterodyne systems usher in modern radio
        First mail carried by plane
        April 22nd;  Senate Commerce Committee held subcommittee hearings to investigate the Titanic disaster. The committee issued its report on May 28th.

1913-1921
28th President Thomas Woodrow Wilson (b. 1856-d. 1924) Democratic Party
Vice-President Thomas Riley Marshall (b. 1854-d. 1925) Democratic Party

1913 -  Atomic structure (proposed current concept of atomic structure, the Bohr model) Niels Bohr, Denmark
       The portable phonograph is first manufactured
        Type composing machines roll out of the factory
        April 22nd; Senator John W. Kern became the first officially designated Democratic floor leader.
        Constitution was amended (17th Amendment) to provide for direct popular election of senators, ending the system of election by individual state legislatures.

1914-18  World War I "The Great War"

1914 - The opening of the Panama Canal to commercial traffic
        A better triode vacuum tube improves radio reception
        A radio message is sent to an airplane
        In Germany, the first 35 mm still camera, a Leica
        In the USA, Goddard begins rocket experiments
        First transcontinental telephone call
        March 9th;  Senate adopted a rule forbidding smoking on the floor of the Senate because Senator Ben Tillman, recovering from a stroke, found the smoke irritating.
Dec 21 - The 1st feature- length silent film comedy "Tillie's Punctured Romance" was released

1915 - Wrigley's promoted their new spearment-flavored gum by mailing four samples to each of the 1.5 million names listed in the phone book
            Coast-to-Coast Telephone service started
            Refrigerator was invented
            Wireless radio service connects USA and Japan
            Radio-telephone carries first speech across the Atlantic
            "Birth Of A Nation" sets new movie standards
            The first electric loudspeaker

1916 - False eye-lashes were invented by D.W. Griffith, film director
            First Jewish member of Supreme Court, Louis D. Brandeis
            First woman elected to US congress (from Montana), Jeannette
            Rankin, also ONLY legislator to voted against W.W.I and W.W.II
            David Sarnoff envisions radio as a "household utility"
            Radios get first tuners

1917 - Photo compositions begin
        Frank Conrad builds a radio station, later KDKA
        Condenser microphones aids, broadcasting then recordings
        Jan. 22nd;  President Woodrow Wilson delivered his "Peace Without Victory" speech in the Senate Chamber.

1918 - First regular airmail service: Washington D.C. to New York
        Nov. 5th;  Jeannette Rankin became the first woman of a major party to run (unsuccessfully) for a Senate seat. Rankin was currently serving as a member of the House of Representatives.

1919 - People can now dial telephone numbers themselves
            Short-wave radio is invented
            Flip-flop circuit is invented; will help computers to count

1920 - 19th Amendment ratified, Women's Suffrage
            First US woman, Ethelda "Thel" Bleibtrey, to win a gold medal in the Olympics
            First black tennis champion in the US, Lucy Slowe
            Sanitary napkins invented by Kotex
            Radio was invented
            First broadcasting stations are opened
            First cross-country flight in the USA
            Sound recording is done electrically
            Post Office accepts the postage meter
            KDKA  (by Frank Conrad) in Pittsburgh broadcasts first scheduled programs
        March 1st;  Senate Public Law 66-190 became the first statute to be printed on paper instead of parchment
        Nov. 2nd;  Warren G. Harding became the first incumbent senator to be elected president of the United States.

1921-1923
29th President Warren Gamaliel Harding  (died in office) (b. 1865-d. 1923) Republican Party
Vice-President John Calvin Coolidge (b. 1872-d. 1933) Republican Party

1921 -  First Miss America Pageant was created in Atlantic City, won by Margaret Gorman, she was 16 years old, and "30-25-32"
             Adhesive bandages were invented by Johnson & Johnson
             Quartz crystals keep radio signals from wandering
             The word "robot" enters the language
             Western Union begins wire photo service

1922 - First shopping mall opened by National Department stores, in St. Louis, Missouri.
        Sound Motion Pictures invented by T. W. Case
        Insulin discovered by Sir Frederick G. Banting
        A commercial is broadcast, $ 100 for ten minutes
        Technicolor introduces two-color process for movies
        Germany's UFA produces a film with an optical sound track
        First 3-D movie, requires glasses with one side red and the other side green
        Singers desert phonograph horn mouths for acoustic studios
        "Nanook of the North", is the first documentary
        Oct. 3rd;  Rebecca Felton (D-GA) became the first woman appointed to the Senate. She served in the Senate for just 24 hours, from noon Nov. 21 to noon Nov. 22.

1923-1929
30th President John Calvin Coolidge (b. 1872-d. 1933) Republican Party
Vice-President Charles Gates Dawes (b. 1865-d. 1951) Republican Party

1923 - Butterfingers candy bar first produced in Chicago by Curtiss Candy Co.
        Traffic Signal invented by Garrett A. Morgan
        Zworykin's electronic iconoscope camera tube and kinescope display tube are developed
        People on one ocean ship can talk to other people on another ocean ship
        Ribbon microphone becomes the studio standard
        16 mm nonflammable film makes its debut
        A picture, broken into dots, is sent by wire
        Kodak introduces home movie equipment
        Neon advertising signs first used
        Oct. 22nd;  Committee on Public Lands and Surveys began a series of hearings to investigate the leasing of government oil reserves in Wyoming to oil men and developers. This became known as the "Teapot Dome" investigations

1924 - First flight made around the world
             Indians in U.S.A. got the right to vote
             Paper tissues were invented by Kleenex
             Notebooks get first spiral bindings
             The Eveready Hour is the first sponsored radio program
             At KDKA, Frank Conrad sets up a short-wave radio transmitter
             Coast-to-coast air-mail service is daily
             Pictures are transmitted over telephone lines
             There are 2,500,000 radio sets in the USA
Sept 28 Two Army planes landed in Seattle, having completed the round-the-world flight in 175 days

1925 - First woman state governor, Nellie Ross Taylor (Wyoming)
        Quick-Frozen foods invented by Clarence Birdseye
        The Leica 35 mm sets a new standard
        Commercial picture is sent by radio service across the USA
        An all-electric phonograph is built
        The first moving image are the blades or a model windmill being telecast
        From France, comes a wide-screen film
        March 5th;  Senate Republicans officially designated their floor leader for the first time -- Charles Curtis (R-KS)
Dec 12 - The 1st motel opened in San Luis Obispo, California

1926 - First American woman to swim the English Channel, it took her 14 hours and 39 minutes (she broke the existing men's record)
        Commercial picture facsimile radio service across the Atlantic
        Some radio get automatic volume control, a mixed blessing
        The Book-Of-The-Month club is started
        In USA, first 16 mm is shot
        Goddard launches liquid-fuel rocket
        Permanent radio network, NBC, is formed
        Bell Telephone Labs transmit film by television
        Senator Smith W. Brookhart (R-IA) became the first previously seated senator to be unseated following a recount of election ballots
Oct 31 - Magician Harry Houdini died in Detroit at age 52

1927 - First Academy Awards were presented
        First talking motion picture "The Jazz Singer", the lead is Al Jolson
        First person to fly solo across the Atlantic, Charles Lindbergh
        Brassiere was invented by Caresse Crosby
        "Big Bang" theory (the universe originated with a huge explosion) George LeMaitre, Belgium
        NBC formed two radio networks, CBS is formed
        Farnsworth assembles a complete electronic system
        Movietone offers newsreels in sound
        US Radio declares public ownership of the airwaves
        Technicolor debuts
        Negative feedback makes hi-fi possible
        In McGrain v. Daugherty, the U.S. Supreme Court firmly established the general power of congressional committees to compel testimony from witnesses.
        Dec. 5th; Democratic Leader Joseph T. Robinson (D-AR) started the tradition of party floor leaders sitting at the front row, center-aisle desk in the Senate Chamber.

1928 - The "Oscar" statuette was designed by Cedric Gibbons
        Magnetic Recording Tape invented by Fritz Pfleumer
        Penicillin discovered by Sir Alexander Fleming
        Baird demonstrates color TV on electro-mechanical system
        The teletype machine makes its debut
        Television sets are put in three homes, programming begins
        Baird invents a video disc to record television
        In an experiment, television crosses the Atlantic
        In Schenectady, NY, the first scheduled television broadcasts
        Steamboat Willie re-introduced as Mickey Mouse
        A motion picture is shown in color
        Times Square gets moving headlines in electric lights
        IBM adopts the 80-column punched card
        Dec. 7th; Octaviano Larrazolo (R-NM) became the first Hispanic senator

1929-1933
31st President Herbert Clark Hoover (b. 1874-d. 1964) Republican Party
Vice-President Charles Curtis (b. 1860-d. 1936) Republican Party

1929 -  First "Oscar" winner for "Best Actress", Janet Gaynor
         First "Oscar" winner for "Best Actor", Emil Jannings
         Stock market crash in October
        Yo-Yo invented by Donald F. Duncan
        Car radio by William Lear and Elmer Wavering, USA, manufactured by Galvin Manufacturing Co. "Motorola"
        Experiments begin on electronic color television
        Telegraph ticker sends 500 characters per minute
        Ocean ship passengers can phone relatives on shore
        Brokers can watch stock prices on an automated electric board
        The car radio is first brought out
        In Germany, magnetic sound recording is done on plastic tape
        The first television studio in London is built
        Air mail is first flown from Miami to South America
        Bell Lab transmits picture stills in color by mechanical scanning
        Zworykin demonstrates first cathode-ray tube "kinescope" receiver, 60 scan lines
        March 4th; First radio broadcast from the Senate chamber occurred in connection with the vice presidential inauguration

1930 - First Airline hostess: Ellen Church, on United Airlines
            Bathysphere invented by Charles W. Beebe
            Photo flashbulbs replace dangerous flash powder
            "Golden Age" of radio begins in U.S.
             Lowell Thomas begins first regular network newscast
             TV's based on British mechanical system roll off factory line
             Bush's differential analyzer introduces the computer
            AT&T tries the picture telephone

1931 - "Star Spangled Banner" proclaimed the United States National Anthem
            First woman in organized baseball, Jackie Mitchell (age 19) as a pitcher
            First woman to win the Nobel prize for Peace, Jane Addams
            Cyclotron invented by Ernest O. Lawrence, USA
            Commercial teletype service begins
            Electronic TV broadcasts in Los Angeles and Moscow
            Exposure meters go on sale to photographers
            NBC experimentally doubles transmission to 120-line TV
            Deuterium (heavy hydrogen) by Harold Urey, USA

1932 - Jan. 12th; First woman elected to US Senate, Hattie Ophelia Wyatt Caraway (D-AR), reelected twice, she served until 1945.
        First transatlantic solo flight by a woman, Amelia Earhart
        Cardiac Pacemaker invented by A. S. Hyman
        Electron Microscope invented by Max Knoll
        Room air-conditioner invented by Willis Carrier
        Disney adopts a 3-color Technicolor process for cartoons
        Kodak introduces 8 mm film for home movies
        Stereophonic sound used in a motion picture "Napoleon"
        Zoom lenses is invented, but a practical model is 21 yrs in the future
        The light meter is invented
        NBC and CBS allow prices to be mentioned in commercials
        The Times of London uses its New Times Roman typeface

1933-1945
32nd President Franklin Delano Roosevelt (died in office) (b. 1882-d. 1945) Democratic Party
Vice-President John Nance Garner (b. 1868-d. 1967) Democratic Party
Vice-President Henry Agard Wallace (b. 1888-d. 1965) Democratic Party
Vice-President Harry S (does not stand for anything) Truman (b. 1884-d. 1972) Democratic Party

1933 -  First woman in US Presidential Cabinet, Frances Perkins (Secretary of Labor)
        Armstrong invents FM, but real application is 20 yrs in the future
        Singing telegrams were started
        Phonograph records go to stereo
        Multiple-flash sports photography begins
        March 9th;  Senate passed the Emergency Banking Act after only several hours of debate
Nov 27 - The United States and the Soviet Union established diplomatic relations

1934 - The first Masters Golf Tournament was won by Horton Smith
            The first quintuplets (5) born to survive infancy; Marie, Cecile, Yvonne, Emilie, and Annette Dionne
             First drive-in movie theater opens in New Jersey
             Associated Press starts wire photo service
             Communications Act of 1934 created FCC
             Half of the homes in the U.S. have radios
             Mutual Radio Network begins operations
             In Germany, a mobile Television truck roams the streets
             In Scotland, teletype setting sets type by phone line
             Three color Technicolor first used in live action films

1935 - Bugs Bunny's original name was Happy Rabbit
        German single lens reflex roll film synchronized for flash bulbs
        In Germany, audio tape recorders go on sale
        IBM's electric typewrite comes off the assembly line
        The Penguin paperback book sells for the price of 10 cigarettes
        All electric VHF television comes out of the lab
        Eastman-Kodak develops Kodachrome color film
        Nielsen's Audimeter tracks radio audiences
        July 1st;  Senate established the office of the Senate Parliamentarian and promoted journal clerk Charles Watkins to the new position. He continued as journal clerk for two more years, serving in both positions, Watkins remained parliamentarian until his retirement in 1964.
        Sept. 10th; Senator Huey P. Long was assassinated in Baton Rouge, Louisiana

1936 - The Berlin Olympics are televised closed circuit
            Bell Labs invents a voice recognition machine
            Kodachrome file sharpens color photography
            Co-axial cable connects New York to Philadelphia
            Alan Turing's "On Computable Numbers" describes a general purpose computer

1937  March 25th;  Senate agreed to transfer its historical records to the newly opened National Archives. Previously, the Senate clerks had kept official records in the Capitol's attic and basement store rooms where they became victim to vermin, moisture and souvenir hunters.
        Aug. 13th;  Vice President John Nance Garner announced a policy of priority recognition to majority and minority leaders in the Senate chamber

1939  Senate passed a resolution providing that "the Chaplain shall open each day's session of the Senate with prayer"
        Oct. 17th;  Columbia Pictures released Frank Capra's film Mr. Smith Goes to Washington. 45 senators attended a world premiere, held at Washington's Constitution Hall

1941  March 1st;  Senate resolution created "The Truman Committee" the Special Committee to Investigate the National Defense Program

1943  Oct. 19th;  Hattie Ophelia Wyatt Caraway (D-AR) became the first woman to preside over the Senate.

1949 Sept 15 "The Lone Ranger" starring Clayton Moore as the masked hero and Jay Silverheels as "Tonto", premiered on ABC.

1945-1953
33rd President Harry S (does not stand for anything) Truman (b. 1884-d. 1972) Democratic Party
Vice-President Alben William Barkley (b. 1877-d. 1956) Democratic Party

1945  July 2nd;  President Harry S Truman addressed the Senate on the United Nations charter

1946  President Harry S Truman signed the Legislative Reorganization Act sweeping away obsolete committees, eliminating redundancy in committee work, and establishing an effective congressional staff system

1947   Jan. 2nd;  Senate established the Committee on Armed Services
        Implementing aspects of the Reorganization Act , each member and committee hired professional staff for the first time
        March 18th;  Senate Rules Committee gave press gallery accreditation to Louis R. Lautier, making him the first African-American reporter to sit in that gallery in 70 years.

1948  Nov. 2nd; Russell Long of Louisiana became the first senator previously occupied by both his father (Huey P. Long) and mother (Rose Long)

1953-1961
34th President David Dwight Eisenhower (Ike) (b. 1890-d. 1969) Republican Party
Vice-President Richard Milhous Nixon (b. 1913-d. 1994) Republican Party

1959  Jan. 3 - 49th State of United States  Alaska

1959  Aug. 21 - 50th State of United States  Hawaii

1961-1963
35th President John (Jack) Fitzgerald Kennedy (died in office - assassinated)  (b. 1917-d. 1963) Democratic Party
Vice-President Lyndon Baines Johnson (b. 1903-d. 1973) Democratic Party

1963-1969
36th President Lyndon Baines Johnson (b. 1908-d. 1973) Democratic Party Vice-President Hubert Horatio Humphrey (b. 1911-d. 1973) Democratic Party

1969 The television series "The Brady Bunch" premiered

1969-1974
37th President Richard Milhous Nixon (b. 1913-d. 1994) (resigned) Republican Party
Vice-President Spiro Theodore Agnew (resigned) (b. 1918-d. 1996) Republican Party
Vice-President Gerald Rudolph Ford (b. 1913) only appointed Vice-President  (NOT elected) Republican Party

1974-1977
38th President Gerald Rudolph Ford (b. 1913) Republican Party Vice-President Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller Jr. (b. 1908-d. 1979) Republican Party

1977-1981
39th President James Earl (Jimmy) Carter Jr. (b. 1924) Democratic Party Vice-President Walter Frederick (Fritz) Mondale (b. 1928) Democratic Party

1981-1989
40th President Ronald Wilson Reagan (b. 1911) Republican Party
Vice-President George Bush Herbert Walker (b. 1924) Republican Party

1982 - The Vietnam Veterans Memorial was dedicated in Washington DC, Nov  13

1983 - President Reagan signed a bill establishing the 3rd Monday in Jan a federal holiday, in honor of civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr

1989-1993
41st President George Herbert Walker Bush (b. 1924) Republican Party
Vice-President James Danforth "Dan" Quayle (b. 1947) Republican Party

1993-2001
42nd President William Jefferson "Bill" Clinton (b. 1946) Democratic Party
Vice-President Albert "Al" Arnold Gore (b. 1948)  Democratic Party

2001-
43rd President George Wallace Bush (b. 1946) Republican Party
Vice-President Richard "Dick" Bruce Cheney (b. 1941)

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